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用于治療血液病癥的富集和擴增的人臍帶血干細胞的制作方法

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用于治療血液病癥的富集和擴增的人臍帶血干細胞的制作方法
【專利說明】用于治療血液病癥的富集和擴増的人臍帶血干細胞
[00011 本申請要求2013年5月20日提交的美國臨時專利申請序列No. 61/825,354和2014 年4月24日提交的美國臨時專利申請序列No. 61/983,805的權(quán)益,所述臨時專利申請兩者特 此以全文引用的方式并入。 發(fā)明領(lǐng)域
[0002] 本發(fā)明涉及富集和擴增的人臍帶血干細胞、其產(chǎn)生方法,和治療方法。
[0003] 發(fā)明背景
[0004]臍帶血("CB")造血干細胞("HSC")具有使其區(qū)別于其成人對應(yīng)物的眾多表型特性 和功能特性(Cairo等,"Placental and/or Umbilical Cord Blood:An Alternative Source of Hematopoietic Stem Cells for Transplantation,"Blood 90:4665-4678 (1997) ; Dah I berg等,"Ex vivo Expansion of Human Hematopoietic Stem and Progenitor Ce11s,"Bloodll7:6083_6090(20ll);Delaney等,"Cord Blood Graft EngineeringZiBiol-Blood Marrow Transplant 19(I):S74-S78(2013);Navarrete等, "Cord Blood Banking:A Historical Perspective /iBr-J.Haematol.147:236-245 (2009);Stanevsky等,"UmbiIical Cord Blood Transplantation : Pros , Cons and Beyond/'Blood Rev. 23:199-204(2009) )XB CD34+細胞由于其廣泛的增殖能力、其在體外 產(chǎn)生造血集落的能力增加、其產(chǎn)生含有胎兒血紅蛋白的紅系細胞的能力,和較小數(shù)目的這 些細胞重新構(gòu)成清髓的同種異體接受者的能力,而被認(rèn)為是更原始的(Cairo等, "Placental and/or Umbilical Cord Blood:An Alternative Source of Hematopoietic Stem Cells for Transplantation,"Blood 90:4665-4678(1997))。由于單一CB收集物中 存在有限數(shù)目的干細胞,因此使用CB細胞作為罹患血液惡性腫瘤和遺傳病癥的同種異體干 細胞接受者的HSC移植物已經(jīng)局限于兒童或較小成人接受者(Cairo等,"Placental and/or Umbilical Cord Blood:An Alternative Source of Hematopoietic Stem Cells for TranspIantation,"BIood90:4665-4678(1997);Navarrete等,"Cord Blood Banking:A Historical Perspective,"Br.J.HaematoI·147:236-245(2009);Stanevsky等, "Umbilical Cord Blood Transplantation:Pros,Cons and Beyondj^Blood Rev.23:199-204(2009))。這些限制導(dǎo)致在成人接受者中不可接受的高移植失敗率和延遲的植入動力學(xué) (Cairo等,"Placental and/ or Umbilical Cord Blood:An Alternative Source of Hematopoietic Stem Cells for Transplantation,"Blood 90:4665-4678(1997); Dahlberg等,"Ex vivo Expansion of Human Hematopoietic Stem and Progenitor Cells,"Blood 117:6083-6090(2011);Delaney等,"Cord Blood Graft Engineering," Biol.Blood Marrow Transplant 19(1):S74_S78(2013);Navarrete等,"Cord Blood Banking:A Historical Perspective,"Br·J.Haematol·147:236-245(2009);Stanevsky 等,"Umbilical Cord Blood Transplantation:Pros,Cons and Beyondj^Blood Rev.23: 199-204(2009);Barker等,"Combined Effect of Total Nucleated Cell Dose and HLA Match on Transplantation Outcome in 1061Cord Blood Recipients with Hematologic Malignancies,"Blood 115:1843-1849(2010);Delaney等,"Strategies to Enhance Umbilical Cord Blood Stem Cell Engraftment in Adult Patients ,''Expert Rev. Hematol.3:273-283(2010))??朔@些障礙的嘗試包括幾種不同的策略,例如使用能 夠促進HSC循環(huán)和這些CD34+細胞(2、6-9)的后續(xù)分裂的多種細胞因子組合進行兩種不同CB 移植物的輸注或CB CD34+細胞的離體擴增。對于離體干細胞擴增的這些初始嘗試已經(jīng)導(dǎo)致 產(chǎn)生較大數(shù)目的造血祖細胞和前體細胞,但骨髓重建細胞的數(shù)目降低。HSC在很大程度上是 在體內(nèi)緩慢循環(huán)的休眠細胞^(Giebel等,"Primitive Human Hematopoietic Cells Give Rise to Differentially Specified Daughter Cells Upon their Initial Cell Divisi on,"Blood 107(5):2146-2152(2006);Ho等,"The Beauty of Asymmetry : Asymmetric Divisions and Self-Renewal in the Haematopoietic System,', Curr·Opin·Hematol·14(4):330-336(2007);Huang等,"Symmetry of Initial Cell Divisions Among Primitive Hematopoietic Progenitors Is Independent of Ontogenic Age and Regulatory Molecules,"Blood 94(8):2595-2604(1999);Srour等, "Modulation of In vitro Proliferation Kinetics and Primitive Hematopoietic Potential of Individual Human CD34+CD38_/lo Cells in G0,"Blood 105(8):3109-3116(2005))。在這些細胞因子組合存在下發(fā)生的CB CD34+細胞的快速離體循環(huán)和分裂導(dǎo) 致HSC定型,其中殘余骨髓重建潛能歸因于已保持靜止或已經(jīng)歷有限數(shù)目的細胞分裂的一 小部分的干細胞(10-13)。最近,由于希望擴增可移植的CB HSC的數(shù)目,已經(jīng)將間充質(zhì)細胞 飼養(yǎng)層或許多分子如固定化notch配體、銅螯合劑、組蛋白脫乙酰酶抑制劑(HDACI)、全反式 視黃酸、芳基烴受體拮抗劑、前列腺素 E2(PGE2)或c-MPL激動劑添加至這些細胞因子組合 (Dahlberg等,"Ex vivo Expansion of Human Hematopoietic Stem and Progenitor Cells,"Blood 117:6083-6090(2011);Delaney等,"Strategies to Enhance Umbilical Cord Blood Stem Cell Engraftment in Adult Patients ,Expert Rev.Hemato1.3:273-283(2010);Boitano等,"Aryl Hydrocarbon Receptor Antagonists Promote the Expansion of Human Hematopoietic Stem CellsScience329:1345-1348(2010);De Felice等,"Histone Deacetylase Inhibitor Valproic Acid Enhances the Cytokine-Induced Expansion of Human Hematopoietic Stem Cells,',Cancer Res.65:1505-1513 (2005);Himburg等,"Pleiotrophin Regulates the Expansion and Regeneration of Hematopoietic Stem Cells,"Nat.Med.16:475-482(2010);Milhem等,"Modification of Hematopoietic Stem Cell Fate by 5aza 2'deoxycytidine and Trichostatin A,', Blood 103:4102-4110(2004);Nishino等,"Ex vivo Expansion of Human Hematopoietic Stem Cells by a Small-Molecule Agonist of c-MPL /iExp.Hematol.37:1364-1377el364.(2009);North等,"Prostaglandin E2Regulates Vertebrate Haematopoietic Stem Cell Homeostasis/'Nature 447:1007-1011 (2007))。這些方法中的幾種已經(jīng)在臨床 試驗中進行了評估,但導(dǎo)致產(chǎn)生較大數(shù)目的短期而非長期骨髓重建細胞(Dahlberg等,"Ex vivo Expansion of Human Hematopoietic Stem and Progenitor Cells,',Blood 117: 6083-6090(2011);de Lima等,"Transplantation of Ex vivo Expanded Cord Blood Cells Using the Copper Chelator Tetraethylenepentamine:A Phase I/II Clinical Trial,',Bone Marrow Transplant 41:771 _7 78(2008);de Lima等,"Cord-Blood Engraftment with Ex Vivo Mesenchymal-Ce11 Coculture /iN-Engl.J.Med.367(24): 2305-2315(2012);Delaney等,"Notch-Mediated Expansion of Human Cord Blood Progenitor Cells Capable of Rapid Myeloid Reconstitution,"Nat.Med.16(2):232-236(2010)) 可選地,也在尋求促進CB CD34+細胞的歸巢和植入的效率的策略以增加同種 異體CB移植的功效(Goessling等,"Prostaglandin E2Enhances Human Cord Blood Stem Cell Xenotransplants and Shows Long-Term Safety in Preclinical Nonhuman Primate Transplant Models,"Cell Stem Cell 8(4):445-458(2011);Hoggatt等, "Differential Stem and Progenitor-Cell Trafficking by Prostaglandin E2,', Nature 495(7441):365-369(2013);0'Leary等,"The Role of Dipeptidyl Peptidase 4in Hematopoiesis and Transplantation Curr . Opin . Hematol. 20(4): 314-319 (2013))〇
[0005]已經(jīng)提出了一種擴增功能性CB HSC的數(shù)目的可選方法。這種方法基于如下假設(shè): 使用含血清(SC)培養(yǎng)基和細胞因子組合離體擴增HSC的先前嘗試實際上導(dǎo)致HSC遺傳程序 的沉默(DahIberg等,"Ex vivo Expansion of Human Hematopoietic Stem and Progenitor Cells,"Blood 117:6083-6090(2011);Delaney等,"Strategies to Enhance Umbilical Cord Blood Stem Cell Engraftment in Adult Patients ,''Expert Rev·Hematol.3:273-283(2010);Rao等,"Conei se Review : Cord Blood Banking, Transplantation and Induced Pluripotent Stem Cell:Success and Opportunities,', Stem Cells 30:55-60(2012);Milhem等,"Modification of Hematopoietic Stem Cell Fate by 5aza2Jdeoxycytidine and Trichostatin Aj^Blood 103:4102-4110(2004); Araki等,"Expansion of Human Umbilical Cord Blood SCID-RepopuIating Cells Using Chromatin-Modifying Agents,"Exp·Hematol·34:140-149(2006); Araki等, "Chromatin-Modifying Agents Permit Human Hematopoietic Stem Cells to Undergo Multiple Cell Divisions While Retaining Their Repopulating Potential," Bloodl09:3570-3578(2007);Azuara等,"Chromatin Signatures of Pluripotent Cell Lines,"Nat·Cell Biol·8:532-538(2006);Chaurasia等,"Chromatin-Modifying Agents Promote the Ex vivo Production of Functional Human Erythroid Progenitor Cells,"Blood 117:4632_4641(2011);Delcuve等,"Roles of Histone Deacetylases in Epigenetic Regulation: Emerging Paradigms from Studies with Inhibitors,', Clin.Epigenetics 4(I):5(2012);Gul等,"Valproic Acid Increases CXCR4Expression in Hematopoietic Stem/Progenitor Cells by Chromatin Remodeling,',Stem Cells Dev. 18:831-838(2009))。這種可選策略與越來越多的證據(jù)相一致,所述證據(jù)表明,表觀遺 傳機制在確定HSC是經(jīng)歷對稱分裂并產(chǎn)生另外的干細胞,還是經(jīng)歷充其量維持HSC數(shù)目而同 時產(chǎn)生造血祖細胞(HPC)的不對稱分裂,或是經(jīng)歷減少HSC數(shù)目并產(chǎn)生更大數(shù)目的HPC的對 稱定向分裂中起到重要作用(Araki等,"Expansion of Human Umbilical Cord Blood SCID-Repopulating Cells Using Chromatin-Modifying Agents,',Exp.Hematol .34:140-149(2006);Araki等,"Chromatin-Modifying Agents Permit Human Hematopoietic Stem Cells to Undergo Multiple Cell Divisions While Retaining Their Repopulating Potential,"Blood 109:3570_3578(2007);Asai等,"Necdin,a p53Target Gene, Regulates the Quiescence and Response to Genotoxic Stress of Hematopoietic Stem/Progenitor Cells,"Blood 120(8):1601-1612(2012);Li,"Quiescence Regulators for Hematopoietic Stem Cell,"Exp.Hematol.39(5):511_520(2011);Will等, aSatblRegulates the Self-Renewal of Hematopoietic Stem Cells by Promoting Quiescence and Repressing Differentiation Commitment,''Nat·Immunol·14(5):437-445(2013);Wilson等,"Hematopoietic Stem Cells Reversibly Switch from Dormancy to Self-Renewal During Homeostasis and Repair,''Cell 135(6):1118_1129(2008))〇
[0006] 本發(fā)明涉及克服本領(lǐng)域中的這些和其他缺點。
[0007] 發(fā)明概述
[0008] 本發(fā)明的一個方面涉及分離和擴增的人臍帶血干細胞的富集群體。所述擴增的干 細胞表達CD34+、CD90+、CD 184+、CD 117+、CD49f +、ALDH+、CD45RA-和多能性基因 S0X2、0CT4、 NANOG和ZIC3〇
[0009] 本發(fā)明的另一個方面涉及產(chǎn)生分離和擴增的人臍帶血干細胞的富集群體的方法。 這種方法涉及提供人臍帶血干細胞的分離群體并且在有效產(chǎn)生分離和擴增的人臍帶血干 細胞的富集群體的條件下在組蛋白脫乙酰酶抑制劑("HDACI")存在下在不含血清("SF")培 養(yǎng)體系中處理所述人臍帶血干細胞的分離群體。所述擴增的干細胞表達CD34+、CD90 +、 CD 184+、CD 117+、CD49f+、ALDH+、CD45RA-和多能性基因 S0X2、0CT4、NANOG和ZIC3。
[0010] 本發(fā)明的另一個方面涉及治療受試者的血液病癥的方法。這種方法涉及向所述受 試者施用本發(fā)明的分離和擴增的人臍帶血干細胞的富集群體以治療所述受試者中的所述 血液病癥。
[0011]在本發(fā)明中,在不含血清的培養(yǎng)條件下經(jīng)過HDACI處理的⑶34+細胞顯示能夠產(chǎn)生 另外的CD34+細胞,其具有許多與原始干細胞相關(guān)的特征,包括增加的醛脫氫酶(ALDH)活 性,增加的 CD90、c-Ki t (CD 117)、整合素 a6 (CD49f)和CXCR4 (CD 184)的表達,但缺乏CD45RA表 達(Notta等,"Isolation of Single Human Hematopoietic Stem Cells Capable of Long-Term Multilineage Engraftment/'Science 333(6039) :218_221(2011))。另外,包 括S0X2、0CT4(也稱為P0U5FI)、NAN0G和小腦鋅指蛋白家族成員3 (ZIC3,也稱為HTX)、但不包 括hTERT(端粒酶反轉(zhuǎn)錄酶)的多種多能性基因的上調(diào)與丙戊酸(VPA)處理相關(guān)(Azuara等, "Chromatin Signatures of Pluripotent Cell Lines /'Nat. Cell Biol.8:532-538 (2006))。在HDACI處理的CD34+細胞中的S0X2、0CT4和NANOG的基因敲低導(dǎo)致CD34+和CD34+ CD90+細胞數(shù)目急劇降低。已發(fā)現(xiàn),在SF培養(yǎng)條件下用HDACI處理能夠?qū)B⑶34+細胞分裂 程序化以產(chǎn)生更大數(shù)目的原始細胞,所述原始細胞能夠重建受輻照和二代免疫缺陷接受者 小鼠而不形成血液惡性腫瘤或畸胎瘤。有限稀釋分析表明,在VPA處理細胞中的SCID重建細 胞(SRC)數(shù)目是原代CB CD34+細胞(PC)中的36倍。這些數(shù)據(jù)表明,上調(diào)干細胞特異性轉(zhuǎn)錄因 子的表觀遺傳策略導(dǎo)致分裂的CB HSC的自我更新和多譜系分化能力的保存。
[0012] 附圖簡述
[0013] 圖IA-D示出HDACI對CB CD34+、CD34+CD90+和CD34+CD90+CD184+細胞的離體擴增 的影響。圖IA是原代臍帶血(CB)CD34+細胞(PC)的離體擴增策略的示意圖。在不含血清(SF) 或含血清(SC)培養(yǎng)基中用細胞因子激活新鮮分離的PC持續(xù)16小時。然后在所述培養(yǎng)條件下 在具有或不具有其他細胞因子的情況下在存在/不存在組蛋白脫乙酰酶抑制劑(HDACI)的 情況下進一步處理細胞7天。將擴增的細胞/再次分離的CD34+細胞用于進一步分析。在含細 胞因子的SF培養(yǎng)基中在不存在(對照)或存在丙戊酸(VPA)、Scriptaid(SCR)SCAY10433 (C433)的情況下將單獨的CB PC處理7天。VPA相比于其他HDACI導(dǎo)致每個CB收集物產(chǎn)生顯著 更大絕對數(shù)目的CD34+細胞(*p〈0 · 05和#p〈0 ·005)(圖 IB)、CD34+CD90+細胞(*p〈0 · 05和**p 〈0.005)(圖 1C)和CD34+CD90+CD184+細胞(*#ρ = 0·0005)(圖ID)(平均值土SE;圖 1B、圖 IC (ANOVA,p< 0.0007)和圖lD(AN0VA,p<0.0001)),(n = 6-7)。
[0014] 圖2A-B示出VPA對CB CD34+和CD34+CD90+細胞的離體擴增的影響。在圖2A中,在不 含血清(SF)的培養(yǎng)物中發(fā)生在細胞因子存在下的CB CD34+和CD34+CD90+細胞的產(chǎn)生比于 含血清(SC)的培養(yǎng)物中發(fā)生的程度更大。在含VPA的SF培養(yǎng)物中,相比于SC培養(yǎng)物,觀察到 CD34+和CD34+CD90+細胞的增加倍數(shù)的顯著差異。葉〈0.05,*邙〈0.005,#噸〈0.0005(平均 值土 SE; ANOVA,p〈0.0001),(η = 5-7)。圖2B示出在SF培養(yǎng)基中在對照條件下或在VPA存在下 處理的PC和CD34+細胞的表型分析。對于每個細胞群體分析CD34、CD90、CXCR4(CD184)、 ⑶49f和⑶45RA的表達。描繪了⑶34+⑶90+細胞(方框)的⑶184、⑶49f和⑶45RA的共表達(η =4)〇
[0015] 圖3Α-Β示出VPA對⑶34+細胞迀移和歸巢的影響。圖3Α示出在不存在(對照)或存在 VPA(7天)的情況下產(chǎn)生的再次分離的CD34+細胞的SDFl(100ng/mL)誘導(dǎo)迀移的結(jié)果。在16 小時和48小時后顯著更大數(shù)目的VPA處理的⑶34+細胞向SDFl迀移(平均值土 SE,*p〈0.05, 單尾t檢驗),(n = 4)。圖3B示出在輸注后16小時和48小時在不存在(對照)或存在VPA(7天) 的情況下產(chǎn)生的再次分離的CD34+細胞在NSG小鼠中的歸巢(平均值土 SE,##p〈0.0001,*p 〈0.05 KNSG 接受者小鼠 (η = 35)。
[0016] 圖4Α-Β示出VPA對CD34+CD90+細胞的細胞周期的不同階段的影響。圖4Α示出在對 照(上圖:26.4% )條件下SF培養(yǎng)或含有VPA的培養(yǎng)物(下圖:82.9% )處理7天后的⑶34+⑶90 +細胞的流式細胞術(shù)細胞周期分析,其中相應(yīng)的點圖通過BrdU脈沖標(biāo)記(2.5小時)并用7AAD 染色示出細胞周期的不同階段的細胞(G0/G1、S和G2/M)。示出了 3個代表性實驗之一。圖4B 示出在細胞周期的不同階段中的CD34+CD90+細胞的百分比。在含VPA的培養(yǎng)物中在G0/G1 (* p〈0.05)、S(*P〈0.05)和G2/M(##p〈0.0001)階段中觀察到CD34+CD90+細胞的數(shù)目顯著增 加(平均值土SD;AN0VAp〈0.002),(n = 3)。
[0017] 圖5A-B示出VP
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