單分散性糖原和植物糖原納米顆粒及其作為化妝品、藥品、和食品產(chǎn)品中的添加劑的用圖
【專利說(shuō)明】單分散性糖原和植物糖原納米顆粒及其作為化妝品、藥品、和 食品產(chǎn)品中的添加劑的用途
[0001] 相關(guān)申請(qǐng)的引證
[0002] 本申請(qǐng)要求2013年4月26日提交的美國(guó)專利申請(qǐng)61/816686的優(yōu)先權(quán)，并且其內(nèi)容 W其整體并入本文。
技術(shù)領(lǐng)域
[0003] 本發(fā)明設(shè)及糖原和植物糖原(phytoglycogen)作為添加劑的用途。
【背景技術(shù)】
[0004] 糖原是動(dòng)物體內(nèi)的一種短期儲(chǔ)能材料。在哺乳動(dòng)物體內(nèi)，糖原出現(xiàn)在肌肉和肝臟 組織中。其由1,4-葡聚糖鏈組成(comprised of )，通過a-1,6-葡萄糖巧鍵高度支化，分子量 為IO6-IO8道爾頓。糖原W具有20-200nm的直徑的致密顆粒的形式存在于動(dòng)物組織中。也發(fā) 現(xiàn)糖原積累在微生物中，例如細(xì)菌和酵母菌。
[000引植物糖原是一種在結(jié)構(gòu)和物理性質(zhì)上與糖原非常相似的多糖。其基于基植物性來(lái) 源而與糖原不同。植物糖原最主要的來(lái)源是甜玉米，W及特定品種的水稻、大麥和高梁。
[0006] 從不同來(lái)源生產(chǎn)糖原和植物糖原的方法在本領(lǐng)域中是已知的。
[0007] 已經(jīng)開發(fā)了各種方法W從活有機(jī)體中分離糖原和植物糖原。
[0008] 已知的方法包括從動(dòng)物組織、特別是從海洋動(dòng)物、尤其是軟體動(dòng)物提取，因?yàn)樗鼈?能夠積累糖原。參見例如下列文獻(xiàn)中描述的方法:美國(guó)專利5，734，045、5，597，913;日本專 利申請(qǐng)JP2006304701;Malcolm,J.The Composition of some New Zealand Foodstuffs.lYans Proc R Soc N Z.191144:265-269;Ward JF et al.Extractions of Glycogen from Soft Shell Clams(Mya arenaria).Chesapeake Sci.1966,7(4):213-214；Wary C et al.IH NMR spectroscopy study of the dynamic properties of glycogen in solution by steady-state magnetisation measurement with off-resonance irradiation.Carbohydr Res .1998,306(4):479-91；Matsui M,et al.Fine structural features of oyster glycogen :Mode of multiple branching . Carbohydrate Po Iymers, 1996,3 I (4):227-235；Su11ivan MA et 曰I.Improving size-exclusion chromatography separation for glycogen.Journ曰I of 化romatography A，2014.出版中；它們的公開內(nèi)容均通過引用W它們的整體并入。
[0009] 還可W根據(jù)各種方法從哺乳動(dòng)物并且特別是從肝臟或肌肉組織提取糖原，參見例 女曰Popovski S.et al.The mechanism of aggregation ofP-particles into口-particles in rat liver glycogen.Biochemical Society Transactions(2000)28,第5部，A336; Sullivan MA et al.Nature of alpha and beta particles in glycogen using molecular size distributions.Biomacromole州Ies.2010年4月12 日；11(4):1094-100; Wanson JC&Drochmans P.Rabbit skeletal muscle glycogen.A morphological and biochemical study of glycogen bet曰-particles isolated by the precipitation- centrifugation method.J Cell Biol.1968.38(1)ilSO-SOsSomogyi'M.l'he solubility 過nd prep過r過tion of phosphorus -過nd nitrogen-free glycogen.J.Biol.Chem.1934.104:245；Geddes 民 et al.The molecular size and shape of liver glycogen .Biochem.J.1977.163:201-209；Devos P et al.The alpha particulate liver glycogen.A morphometric approach to the kinetics of its synthesis and degradation.Biochem.J.1983，209:159-165;Orrell SA feBueding E.A Comparison of products obtained by various procedures used for the extraction of glycogen.J Biol Chem. 1964,239 : 4021-4026 ； Br()jer JT et al.Effect of extraction time and acid concentration on the separation of proglycogen and macroglycogen in horse muscle samples.Can J Vet 民es.2002，66(3):201-6;Bell D G&F G Young.Observations on the chemistry of liver glycogen.Biochem.J.1934, 28:882-0;Stetten M民 et al.A comparison of the glycogens isolated by acid and alkaline procedures.J Biol Chem.l958,232(l):475-488;Wary C et al.IH 匪民 spectroscopy study of the dynamic properties of glycogen in solution by steady-state magnetisation measurement with off-resonance irradiation.Carbohydr 民es. 1998,306(4) :479-91 ;Laskov 民.& E.Margoliash.Properties of high molecular weight glycogen from rat liver.1963.Bull.民es.Counc.Isr.ll:351-362;Haverstick DM&Gold AH.Isolation of a polydisperse high-molecular-weight glycogen from rat liver.Anal Biochem.1981 年2月；111(1):137-45;Parker GJ et al.AMP-activated protein kinase does not associate with glycogen alpha-particles from rat liver.Biochem Biophys Res Commun.2007，362(4):81 1-5；Sullivan MA et al.Improving size-exclusion chromatography separation for glycogen.Journal of Chromatography A,2014.出片反 中；它們每一者的內(nèi)容均通過引用^它們的整體并入。
[0010]也可W根據(jù)各種方法從植物材料中分離植物糖原。參見例如，美國(guó)專利US 5,895， 686 和歐洲專利EP0860448B1，1^及￥〇11容，1(8 et al. Structures and properties of amylopectin and phytoglycogen in the endosperm of sugary-lmutants of rice.J.Cereal Sci.(2003)37:139-149；Fujita N et al.Antisense inhibition of isoamylase alters the structure of amylopectin and the physicochemical properties of starch in rice endosperm.Plant Cell Physiol2003,44(6):607-618, 其描述了從水稻的粹粒分離植物糖原的方法；Verhoeven，T.et al. Isolation and characterisation of novel starch mutants of oats.Journal of Cereal Science, 2004,40(1):69-79,其描述了從燕麥分離植物糖原；Burton RA et al.Starch granule initiation and growth are altered in barley mutants that lack isoamylase activity.Plant J.2002,31(1) :97-12,其描述了從大麥分離植物糖原；國(guó)際專利申請(qǐng)公開 號(hào) WO 2013/019977;美國(guó)專利6451362;Rolland-Sabat 自 A.，et al.Elongation and insolubilisation of alpha-glucans by the action of Neisseria polysaccharea amylosucrase.J Cereal Sci.2004,40:17-30；Dinges J民，et al.Molecular structure of three mutations at the maize sugaryI locus and their allele-specific phenotypic effects.Plant Physiol.2001,125(3):1406-18;Morris DL&CT Morris.Glycogen in sweet corn . Science .1939,90(2332):238-239；Miao M,et al.Structure and digestibility of endosperm water-solublea-glucans from different sugary maize mutants.Food Chem.2014,143:156-62;Miao M，et al.Structure and physicochemical properties of octenyl succinic esters of sugary maize soluble starch and waxy maize starch.Food Chem.2014，151:154-60; Powell P0，et al.Extraction，isolation and characterisation of phytoglycogen from su-lmaize leaves and grain.Carbohydr Polym.2014，101:423-31;Sullivan MA, et al. Improving size-exclusion chromatography separation for glycogen.Journal of Chromatography A，2014.出片反中；Scheff Ier SL, et al. Phytoglycogen octenyl succinate，an amphiphilic carbohydrate nanoparticle,and epsilon-polyIysine to improve lipid oxidative stability of emulsions.J Agric Food Chem.2010年I月13 0；58(1):660-7；Scheffler SL，et al. In vitro digestibility and emulsification properties of phytoglycogen octenyl succinate.J Agric Food Chem.201058(8): 5140-6;和Huang,L，&Yao，Y.Particulate structure of phtoglycogen nanoparticles probed using amyloglucosidase.Carbohydrate Polymers，2011，83:1165-1171，其描述 了從甜玉米分離植物糖原的方法;它們?nèi)康墓_內(nèi)容均通過引用W它們的整體并入。
[0011] 還可^根據(jù)各種方法從酵母得到糖原，例如國(guó)際專利申請(qǐng)W0/1997/021828;美國(guó) 專利6，146，857 ;和Northcote D . The molecular structure and shape of yeast glycogen.Biochem J. 1953,53(3) :348-352中描述的方法，它們的公開內(nèi)容均通過引用W 它們的整體并入。
[0012] 還可1^根據(jù)各種方法從細(xì)菌獲得糖原，例如Levine S，et al .Glycogen of enteric bacteria.J Bacteriol.1953，66(6):664-670;Sigal N，et al.Glycogen accumulation by wild